Early-twentieth-century North Carolina saw a backlash against the economic successes of African Americans, including campaigns for residential segregation laws like those in South Africa. In Threatening Property, Elizabeth Herbin-Triant investigates these campaigns, showing that they exposed a fault line between the interests of middle-class and elite whites. Rather than uniting whites around the idea of segregated neighborhoods, these campaigns ultimately failed and, in so doing, defined the limits of Jim Crow.
https://www.uml.edu/FAHSS/History/faculty/Herbin-Triant-Elizabeth.aspx